screech owl
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screech owl, (genus Megascops), any of approximately 25 species of New World owls known for their shrill calls and classified in the family Strigidae. Screech owls possess a facial disk and ear tufts, and they are coloured in a concealing bark pattern. They are rather small owls, about 20–30 cm (8–12 inches) long, and many show considerable geographic variation, with northern species tending to be larger but less heavily patterned than southern ones. They eat mostly small mammals, birds, and insects.
The populations of several screech owls are stable, and most are not threatened with extinction. However, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources has listed one species, the Santa Marta screech owl (Megascops gilesi), which lives in a single pocket in the mountains of northern Colombia, as a vulnerable species.
Some of the most common screech owls include the eastern, or common, screech owl (M. asio), which is widespread across eastern North America; the white-throated screech owl (M. albogularis), which occurs in mountainous regions at elevations between 2,000 and 3,000 metres (between about 6,600 and 9,800 feet) from Venezuela southward through Peru and Bolivia; and the whiskered screech owl (M. trichopsis), whose range extends from southern Arizona and New Mexico in the U.S. south to northern Nicaragua.
For more than a century, screech owls had been placed together with scops owls, a group of Old World owls, in the genus Otus. This taxonomy was revised in the early 21st century, however, after several DNA and behavioral studies highlighted the differences between the two groups.