Arts & Culture

Bollingen Prize

American literature prize
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Related Topics:
American literature
poetry
Notable Honorees:
Ezra Pound
Robert Frost
W. H. Auden
W.S. Merwin

Bollingen Prize, award for achievement in American poetry, originally conferred by the Library of Congress with funds established in 1948 by the philanthropist Paul Mellon. An admirer of the psychoanalyst Carl Jung, Mellon named the prize after the Swiss town where Jung spent his summers. In 1949 the first award was made for The Pisan Cantos to Ezra Pound, who was then under indictment for treason in World War II for his broadcasts from Italy, which were anti-Semitic and pro-Fascist. A bitter controversy ensued in the press, and the Library of Congress was requested by a congressional committee to disassociate itself from the award. In 1950 it was transferred to the Yale University Library, under the auspices of which it has since been administered. Originally annual, it became biennial in 1964. In 1961 the Bollingen Foundation also established a prize for translation.

(Read Howard Nemerov’s Britannica essay on poetry.)

Winners of the Bollingen Prize are listed in the table.

Bollingen Prize in Poetry
year poet
1948 Ezra Pound
1949 Wallace Stevens
1950 John Crowe Ransom
1951 Marianne Moore
1952 Archibald MacLeish
William Carlos Williams
1953 W.H. Auden
1954 Léonie Adams
Louise Bogan
1955 Conrad Aiken
1956 Allen Tate
1957 E.E. Cummings
1958 Theodore Roethke
1959 Delmore Schwartz
1960 Yvor Winters
1961 Richard Eberhart
John Hall Wheelock
1962 Robert Frost
1965 Horace Gregory
1967 Robert Penn Warren
1969 John Berryman
Karl Shapiro
1971 Richard Wilbur
Mona Van Duyn
1973 James Merrill
1975 A.R. Ammons
1977 David Ignatow
1979 W.S. Merwin
1981 May Swenson
Howard Nemerov
1983 Anthony Hecht
John Hollander
1985 John Ashbery
Fred Chappell
1987 Stanley Kunitz
1989 Edgar Bowers
1991 Laura Riding Jackson
Donald Justice
1993 Mark Strand
1995 Kenneth Koch
1997 Gary Snyder
1999 Robert Creeley
2001 Louise Glück
2003 Adrienne Rich
2005 Jay Wright
2007 Frank Bidart
2009 Allen Grossman
2011 Susan Howe
2013 Charles Wright
2015 Nathaniel Mackey
2017 Jean Valentine
2019 Charles Bernstein
2021 Mei-Mei Berssenbrugge
This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.