Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov
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Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (born May 23, 1951, Zlatoust, Russia, U.S.S.R.) is a Russian chess master who dominated world competition from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s.
(Read Garry Kasparov’s Britannica essay on chess & Deep Blue.)
Karpov moved to Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) with his family early in life. A child prodigy, he learned to play chess at the age of four and was rated a first-category player by the time he was nine. In 1969 he won the world junior championship at Stockholm, and a year later, at age 19, he became the world’s youngest grandmaster. An almost uninterrupted series of successes in tournaments during 1971–74 made him the official challenger to Bobby Fischer of the United States for the 1975 world chess championship. Karpov became world champion that year when Fischer refused to play a match with him under conditions set by the official world chess organization, the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE). Karpov narrowly retained his title against the Soviet defector Viktor Korchnoi in 1978 and beat Korchnoi again handily in 1981.
Karpov defended his title against his countryman Garry Kasparov in 1984–85. Karpov gained a commanding lead early in the series, but Kasparov eventually rallied. The match became a grueling endurance contest that stretched to 48 games before it was halted on the grounds that both players were exhausted. In their rematch during 1985, Karpov lost his title to Kasparov after 24 games had been played.
Karpov regained the FIDE world chess champion title in 1993 after Kasparov left FIDE to form a rival organization. In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, which Karpov regained by defeating the Dutch player Jan Timman in a FIDE championship match. Karpov defended his FIDE title in 1998, turning back Viswanathan Anand of India. The following year Karpov refused to defend his title in the FIDE world championship knockout tournament in Las Vegas, Nevada, which was won by Alexander Khalifman of Russia.
Though slim and of small stature, Karpov had notable powers of endurance. His style of play was without noticeable weaknesses; he tended to prefer positional play to tactical play, inexorably building up minute advantages through flawless but colourless maneuvers to achieve eventual victory. His book Anatoly Karpov’s Best Games (1996) offers readers an annotated collection of his games and his observations on the world of chess.