Anita Hill

Anita Hill (born July 30, 1956, Lone Tree, Oklahoma, U.S.) American attorney and educator who garnered national attention for her testimony in the 1991 Senate confirmation hearings for U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas, whom she accused of sexual harassment.

Hill, the youngest of 13 children, grew up on a farm in Oklahoma. After studying psychology at Oklahoma State University (B.A., 1977), she earned a law degree from Yale University in 1980. Shortly thereafter she joined a law firm in Washington, D.C., but she left in 1981 to work at the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights, where she served as legal adviser to Thomas, who was assistant secretary. During that time she claimed that Thomas began to make unwanted sexual advances. According to Hill, he frequently discussed sex, such as graphically describing pornographic films, and he repeatedly asked her on dates despite her refusals. Hill claimed that the harassment later ended, and, when Thomas was made chair of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1982, she followed him. However, she alleged that the harassment restarted, with Thomas discussing his own anatomy and commenting on her clothing, among other claims.

Finding her work environment increasingly intolerable, Hill left in July 1983 to accept a teaching position at Oral Roberts University. Three years later she joined the faculty of the law college at the University of Oklahoma (OU), where she became (1989) the first tenured African American professor at the institution.

In 1991 U.S. Pres. George H.W. Bush nominated Thomas to replace Thurgood Marshall on the Supreme Court. In October of that year Hill testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee, where she recounted Thomas’s alleged sexual harassment. The hearings, which were televised, created a media circus and propelled Hill into the spotlight. During her questioning, a number of senators accused her of lying and raised doubts about her sanity. Thomas later denied the allegations, accusing the committee of a “high-tech lynching.” Although other women reportedly could have supported Hill’s testimony, they were never called by the committee. In the end, Thomas was narrowly confirmed, 52–48.

The hearings polarized Americans. Some believed that Hill was simply a scorned woman or an attention seeker, while others found her treatment by the Senate committee demeaning and sexist. The scandal motivated a number of women to enter politics, and 1992 became known as the “Year of the Woman,” as a historic number of female politicians were elected to Congress; their seats in the Senate and House basically doubled to 6 and 47, respectively. Hill’s testimony was also credited with raising awareness of workplace sexual harassment.

Although she turned down interview requests, Hill became a sought-after speaker, especially on sexual harassment. She remained on the faculty at OU, but, amid continued calls for her resignation, she left the university in 1996. Two years later she became a visiting scholar at Brandeis University, eventually rising to university professor (2015). In addition to numerous articles, Hill wrote the autobiography Speaking Truth to Power (1997) as well as Reimagining Equality: Stories of Gender, Race, and Finding Home (2011) and Believing: Our Thirty-Year Journey to End Gender Violence (2021).

For some 20 years after her Senate testimony, Hill maintained a relatively low profile. In 2010, however, she returned to the news after Thomas’s wife, Ginni, left her a phone message in which she asked for an apology from Hill, who refused. Hill later participated in the documentary Anita (2013), which focused on the scandal. In 2016 Kerry Washington portrayed Hill in the HBO TV movie Confirmation.