Arnold J. Toynbee

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History & Society

Arnold J. Toynbee

British historian

Also known as: Arnold Joseph Toynbee

Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2024 • Article History

Arnold J. Toynbee

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Category: History & Society

In full:: Arnold Joseph Toynbee

Born:: April 14, 1889, London, England

Died:: October 22, 1975, York, North Yorkshire (aged 86)

Subjects Of Study:: civilization; cyclicism; philosophy of history

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Arnold J. Toynbee (born April 14, 1889, London, England—died October 22, 1975, York, North Yorkshire) was an English historian whose 12-volume A Study of History (1934–61) put forward a philosophy of history, based on an analysis of the cyclical development and decline of civilizations, that provoked much discussion. Toynbee was a nephew of the 19th-century economist Arnold Toynbee. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford (classics, 1911), and studied briefly at the British School at Athens, an experience that influenced the genesis of his philosophy about the decline of civilizations. In 1912 he became a tutor and fellow in ancient ...(100 of 579 words)

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