Augier Ghislain de Busbecq

Augier Ghislain de Busbecq (born 1522, Comines, Flanders [now on the Belgian-French border]—died October 28, 1592, St. Germain, near Rouen, France) was a Flemish diplomat and man of letters who, as ambassador to Constantinople (now Istanbul), wrote informatively about Turkish life.

Busbecq was the illegitimate son of the Seigneur de Busbecq and was later legitimated. He entered the service of Ferdinand I of Austria, who was the brother of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V. In 1554 and again in 1556 Busbecq was sent to Constantinople as Ferdinand’s ambassador to the Ottoman sultan Süleyman I the Magnificent, who disputed Ferdinand’s claim to the throne of Hungary. On his second visit, Busbecq was placed under house arrest by the sultan, but he finally succeeded in framing peace terms that were ratified after his return to Vienna in 1562. After Ferdinand became emperor in 1558, Busbecq held various positions at the imperial court. He spent his last years at the French court as treasurer to Elizabeth of Austria (who married Charles IX of France in 1570) and as ambassador of Rudolf II, the son of the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian II.

Busbecq’s letters in Latin to Ferdinand from Süleyman’s court in Constantinople are a valuable source for contemporary Ottoman history and manners. His letters were also long admired for their stylistic elegance and were regarded as models by later ambassadors. A man of lively interests, Busbecq collected Greek manuscripts (later incorporated into the Austrian national collections), and he discovered the Monumentum Ancyranum; the latter is an inscription engraved about 14 ce on the walls of a temple in ancient Ancyra (modern Ankara, Tur.) that gives a valuable account of the Roman emperor Augustus’ achievements, public offices, and public benefactions. After meeting in Constantinople with two ambassadors from Crimea, Busbecq made, and included in one of his letters, the first list of words from a form of the Gothic language that was still used in that region. He also introduced into Europe several types of plants and animals native to the Levant, notably the lilac, the tulip, and the Angora goat.