Dionysius Exiguus

Dionysius Exiguus (flourished 6th century ad) was a celebrated 6th-century canonist who is considered the inventor of the Christian calendar, the use of which spread through the employment of his new Easter tables.

The 6th-century historian Cassiodorus calls him a monk, but tradition refers to him as an abbot. He arrived in Rome about the time of the death (496) of Pope St. Gelasius I, who had summoned him to organize the pontifical archives. Thereafter, Dionysius flourished as a scholar at Rome. In 525, at the request of Pope St. John I, he prepared the chronology still current; it was a modified Alexandrian computation (95-year tables evolved by the patriarch Theophilus of Alexandria) based on Victorius of Aquitaine’s 532-year cycle. He wrongly dated the birth of Christ according to the Roman system (i.e., 754 years after the founding of Rome) as Dec. 25, 753.

Highly reputed as a theologian and as an accomplished mathematician and astronomer, Dionysius was well versed in the Holy Scriptures and in canon law. Credited to him are a collection of 401 ecclesiastical canons—including the apostolic canons and the decrees of the councils of Nicaea, Constantinople, Chalcedon, and Sardis—and a collection of the decretals of the popes from St. Siricius (384–399) to Anastasius II (496–498). Dionysius also translated many Greek works now lost, including a life of St. Pachomius and an instruction of St. Proclus of Constantinople.