Dorothy Wordsworth

Dorothy Wordsworth (born Dec. 25, 1771, Cockermouth, Cumberland, Eng.—died Jan. 25, 1855, Rydal Mount, Westmorland) English prose writer whose Alfoxden Journal 1798 and Grasmere Journals 1800–03 are read today for the imaginative power of their description of nature and for the light they throw on her brother, the Romantic poet William Wordsworth.

Their mother’s death in 1778 separated Dorothy from her brothers, and from 1783 they were without a family home. The sympathy between William and Dorothy was strong; she understood him as no one else could and provided the “quickening influence” he needed. When in 1795 he was lent a house in Dorset, she made a home for him there. At Alfoxden, Somerset, in 1796–98, she enjoyed with Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge a companionship of “three persons with one soul.” She went with them to Germany (1798–99), and in December 1799 she and William settled for the first time in a home of their own, Dove Cottage, Grasmere, in the Lake District, remaining there after his marriage (1802) and moving with the family to Rydal Mount in 1813. In 1829 she was dangerously ill and thenceforth was obliged to lead the life of an invalid. Her ill health affected her intellect, and during the last 20 years of her life her mind was clouded.

The Alfoxden Journal (of which only the period from January to April 1798 survives) is a record of William’s friendship with Coleridge that resulted in their Lyrical Ballads (1798), with which the Romantic movement began. The Grasmere Journals contains material on which William drew for his poetry (notably her description of daffodils in April 1802, which inspired his “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”). Her other surviving journals include accounts of her trip to Germany in 1798–99 as well as visits to Scotland (1803) and Switzerland (1820). None of her writings was published in her lifetime.