Folk Music
Folk music means different things to different people; its definition varies according to the part of the world and the period of history. Typically, folk music is thought of as a type of traditional and generally rural music that was originally passed down through families or other small social networks. Traditional village society had a robust musical life, and folk songs were composed to tell narratives, to commemorate various milestones and events, to serve as an accompaniment to dancing, and more. In the 20th century, folk music notably came to be used more broadly by dissident movements, and the musical form was taken up by those seeking social and economic reform, opposing wars, or advocating for environmental protection. This kind of protest music was notably created by folk musicians such as Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and Joan Baez. By the end of the 20th century, the concept of folk music was dominated by recent creations drawing on musical and poetic features that associate them with older traditions. Folk-music elements were increasingly incorporated into pop music, leading to the creation of mixed genres such as folk rock.
Folk Music Encyclopedia Articles
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Violeta Parra
Violeta Parra Chilean composer, folk singer, and social activist, best known as one of the founders of the politically inflected Nueva Canción (“New Song”) movement. In addition, she painted, wrote poetry,...
Marguerite Taos Amrouche
Marguerite Taos Amrouche was a Kabyle singer and writer. Amrouche was the daughter of Fadhma Aïth Mansour Amrouche; she was the only sister in a family of six sons and was born after the family had moved...
Bruce Cockburn
Bruce Cockburn Canadian singer, songwriter, guitarist, and activist best known for music blending folk, rock, pop, and jazz and for lyrics that typically addressed spiritual themes and global issues from...
Miriam Makeba
Miriam Makeba was a South African-born singer who became known as Mama Afrika, one of the world’s most prominent Black African performers in the 20th century. The daughter of a Swazi mother and a Xhosa...
mariachi
Mariachi, small Mexican musical ensemble composed of a variety of mostly stringed instruments. In addition to referring to an ensemble, the term mariachi is also used for the individual performer of mariachi...
Víctor Jara
Víctor Jara Chilean folk singer, one of the pioneers of the nueva canción genre of politically charged popular songs. His political activism led to his torture and execution by the regime of the Chilean...
Oceanic music and dance
Oceanic music and dance, the music and dance traditions of the indigenous people of Oceania, in particular of Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, New Zealand, and Australia. Music and dance in Polynesia...
the Weavers
The Weavers, seminal American folksinging group of the late 1940s and ’50s. The original members were Lee Hays (b. 1914, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.—d. August 26, 1981, Croton-on-Hudson, New York), Ronnie...
John Denver
John Denver American singer and songwriter who was known for his wholesome, sentimental music that extolled nature’s and life’s simple pleasures. He was one of the most popular performers of the 1970s....
Pete Seeger
Pete Seeger was a singer who sustained the folk music tradition and who was one of the principal inspirations for younger performers in the folk revival of the 1960s. Seeger was born to a musically gifted...
folk music
Folk music, type of traditional and generally rural music that originally was passed down through families and other small social groups. Typically, folk music, like folk literature, lives in oral tradition;...
Buffy Sainte-Marie
Buffy Sainte-Marie Canadian-born American singer-songwriter, guitarist, political activist, and visual artist known especially for her use of music to promote awareness of issues affecting Native Americans....
Doc Watson
Doc Watson American musician and singer who introduced a flat-picking style that elevated the acoustic guitar from a rhythmically strummed background instrument to a leading role in bluegrass, country,...
Cesaria Evora
Cesaria Evora Cape Verdean singer who was known for her rich, haunting voice. Evora was born and raised on the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde, off the west coast of Africa. Her father, a musician, died...
The Hutchinson Family
The Hutchinson Family, American singing group of the mid-19th century, significant figures in the development of native popular music tradition. In contrast to the prevailing sentimental and minstrel songs...
Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály was a prominent composer and authority on Hungarian folk music. He was also important as an educator not only of composers but also of teachers, and, through his students, he contributed...
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan is an American folksinger who moved from folk to rock music in the 1960s, infusing the lyrics of rock and roll, theretofore concerned mostly with boy-girl romantic innuendo, with the intellectualism...
Woody Guthrie
Woody Guthrie was an American folk singer and songwriter whose songs, many of which are now classics, chronicled the plight of common people, especially during the Great Depression. Guthrie, the third...
Odetta
Odetta American folk singer who was noted especially for her versions of spirituals and who became for many the voice of the civil rights movement of the early 1960s. After her father’s death in 1937,...
Harry Belafonte
Harry Belafonte was an American singer, actor, producer, and activist who was a key figure in the folk music scene of the 1950s, especially known for popularizing the Caribbean folk songs known as calypsos....
Phil Ochs
Phil Ochs American folksinger and songwriter best remembered for the protest songs he wrote in the 1960s on topics ranging from the Vietnam War to civil rights. While studying journalism at the Ohio State...
Joan Baez
Joan Baez is an American folksinger and political activist who interested young audiences in folk music during the 1960s. Despite the inevitable fading of the folk music revival, Baez continued to be a...
James Taylor
James Taylor American singer, songwriter, and guitarist who defined the singer-songwriter movement of the 1970s. Bob Dylan brought confessional poetry to folk rock, but Taylor became the epitome of the...
Emmylou Harris
Emmylou Harris American singer and songwriter who ranged effortlessly among folk, pop, rock, and country-and-western styles, added old-time sensibilities to popular music and sophistication to country...
Lead Belly
Lead Belly was an American folk-blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist whose ability to perform a vast repertoire of songs in a variety of styles, in conjunction with his notoriously violent life, made...