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Gorilla gorilla, Sula sula, and Other Animals Whose Names Are Tautonyms—the Same for Genus and Species

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Among scientists, all species are uniquely identified using a system of two parts composed of each organism’s genus and species names. This system was established in the 1750s by Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus to overcome the confusion caused by the use of vague diagnostic phrases and unhelpful labels. The scientific name for our species, for example, is Homo sapiens, which happens to be made up of two different words. A number of animal species, however, have the same name for both genus and species, which creates a scientific name known as a tautonym. Moderately well-known examples of tautonyms are those for the wolverine (Gulo gulo), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the moose (Alces alces). Some species are further divided into subspecies, and thus they are sometimes known by a three-part name. (To get really nitpicky here, modern living humans are classified as Homo sapiens sapiens.) In the case of some animals, the genus, species, and subspecies names are all the same—triplets!

I asked the scientific community on Twitter for help in determining the most creative tautonyms they had either heard about or worked with in their own research. The response was overwhelming: more than 2,100 scientists and students weighed in over the course of 48 hours. Ten of the more popular critter names are displayed below.