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Saudi Arabia
Table of Contents
Introduction & Quick Facts
Land
Relief
Drainage and soils
Climate
Plant and animal life
People
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Settlement patterns
Demographic trends
Economy
Agriculture
Resources and power
Petroleum
Other resources
Manufacturing
Finance
Trade
Services
Labour and taxation
Transportation and telecommunications
Government and society
Constitutional framework
Local government
Legal status of women
Justice
Political process
Security
Health and welfare
Housing
Education
Cultural life
Cultural milieu
Daily life and social customs
The arts
Cultural institutions
Sports and recreation
Media and publishing
History
The Wahhābī movement
Origins and early expansion
Struggle with the Ottomans
Second Saudi state
Death of Fayṣal
The Rashīdīs
Ibn Saud and the third Saudi state
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Foreign relations, 1932–53
Internal affairs, 1932–53
Reigns of Saud ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and Faisal (1953–75)
Domestic affairs
Foreign affairs
Reign of Khalid (1975–82)
Saudi Arabia under Fahd and Crown Prince Abdullah (1982–2005)
The Persian Gulf War and its aftermath
The Islamist opposition
Foreign policy since the end of the Persian Gulf War
Reign of King Abdullah (2005–15)
Reign of King Salman from 2015
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Nayef
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman
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Saudi Arabia: Media
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https://64.176.36.150/place/Saudi-Arabia/images-videos
Videos
Modernity and tradition in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabian society remains socially conservative.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Ahmad Marzuky/Dreamstime.com
Watch how dairy cows are kept comfortable in Saudi Arabia
Tending to dairy cows in Saudi Arabia.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Luke Wilcox/Dreamstime.com
Uncover the everyday challenges and struggles faced by women in Saudi Arabia
Women in Saudi Arabia are prohibited from taking part in many aspects of public life.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Zz3701/Dreamstime.com
Witness the annual hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, Saudi Arabi
Time-lapse video of the annual hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Video: Video by Ali Younis (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Images
Saudi Arabia
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Night view of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Basil D Soufi (CC-BY-3.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Aerial view of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Al Jazeera English (CC-BY-2.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Physical features of Saudi Arabia
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia: desert landscape
Desert landscape near Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
© swisshippo—iStock/Getty Images
Ṭuwayq Mountains
Prominent escarpment of the Ṭuwayq Mountains, just south of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Jane Lewis/Stone
Rubʿ al-Khali
The Rubʿ al-Khali portion of the Arabian Desert, southern Arabian Peninsula.
Nepenthes (CC-BY-3.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert.
Richard August (CC-BY-2.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Arabian Desert: camel
Camel in the Arabian Desert, Saudi Arabia.
© Darren Baker/Fotolia
Saudi Arabia: Bedouin woman with Arabian camels
Bedouin woman with Arabian camels (dromedaries) near Madāʾin Ṣāliḥ, Saudi Arabia.
Lynn Abercrombie
Prophet's Mosque
Prophet's Mosque, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
© Hikrcn/Dreamstime.com
Mecca: Kaaba
The Kaaba (Kaʿbah) surrounded by pilgrims during the hajj, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
© ayazad/Fotolia
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Kingdom Centre
The Kingdom Centre, a building in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nora.alsh2 (CC-BY-4.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Buraydah, Saudi Arabia: date market
Date market in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Suliman Al-Kurishan (CC-BY-2.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Arabian Desert: oil refinery
Oil refinery in the eastern Arabian Desert at Al-Jubayl, Saudi Arabia.
© Bilal Qabalan—AFP/Getty Images
Khobar, Saudi Arabia: water tower
Water tower in Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Francisco Anzola (CC-BY-2.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Saudi Arabia: Ministry of Finance building
Ministry of Finance building in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Diane Rawson/Photo Researchers
Saudi Arabia: fifty-riyal banknote (obverse)
Fifty-riyal banknote from Saudi Arabia (obverse).
Image source: Audrius Tomonis - www.banknotes.com
Saudi Arabia: fifty-riyal banknote (reverse)
Fifty-riyal banknote from Saudi Arabia (reverse).
Image source: Audrius Tomonis - www.banknotes.com
King Fahd Causeway
The King Fahd Causeway connecting Bahrain and Saudi Arabia across the Gulf of Bahrain.
Mohamed Ghuloom (CC-BY-3.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
King Abdulaziz Air Base, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Terminal building at King Abdulaziz Air Base, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
J. Allan Cash Photolibrary/Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia: northern border security
Guard standing watch over Saudi Arabia's northern border with Iraq, 2014.
Faisal Al Nasser—Reuters/Landov
Saudi Arabia: MERS
Man wearing a mask at a camel market in a village near Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2014....
Faisal Al Nasser—Reuters/Landov
Najrān, Saudi Arabia: mud dwellings
Mud dwellings with crenellated rooftops typical of Najrān, Asir region, Saudi Arabia.
Peter Ryan/Robert Harding Picture Library
Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Vladislav Bezrukov (CC-BY-2.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Muḥammad ʿAlī
Muḥammad ʿAlī.
Photos.com/Thinkstock
Ibn Saud
Ibn Saud
Camera Press/Globe Photos
Arabia, c. 1900
Map of Arabia, with insets of Jerusalem and Palestine (c. 1900), from the 10th edition...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Ibn Saud and Franklin D. Roosevelt
U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt meeting with Ibn Saud, king of Saudi Arabia, aboard...
U.S. Army Photograph
Saud
Saud.
Camera Press/Globe Photos
Faisal of Saudi Arabia
Faisal, king of Saudi Arabia (1964–75).
UIG/REX/Shutterstock
Khalid
Khalid, king of Saudi Arabia (1975–82).
FSA/OWI/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (Digital File Number: LC-DIG-fsac-1a35390)
Operation Desert Shield: Thanksgiving dinner
U.S. Pres. George H.W. Bush eating Thanksgiving dinner with troops in Saudi Arabia...
National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Persian Gulf War: U.S. Navy F-14A Tomcat
U.S. Navy F-14A Tomcat flying over Kuwaiti oil wells that were set on fire by Iraqi...
U.S. Department of Defense
Osama bin Laden
Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden as depicted in a government exhibit for the
U.S.
...
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (U.S. v. Moussaoui)
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
Abdullah, king of Saudi Arabia (2005–15), October 29, 2007.
© Tim Rooke/REX/Shutterstock.com
Salman ibn Abdulaziz Al Saud
Salman ibn Abdulaziz Al Saud, 2011.
Xinhua/eyevine/Redux
Al-Hasa oasis, Saudi Arabia
Courtesy of Aramco
King Fahd Causeway
The King Fahd Causeway connects Bahrain and Saudi Arabia across the Persian Gulf.
© greens n cornbread
Yemen: Rubʿ al-Khali desert
The Rubʿ al-Khali, a desert lying mainly in southeastern Saudi Arabia, with lesser...
Lynn Abercrombie
Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Arabian-Iranian basin oil fields
Major oil fields of the Arabian-Iranian basin region.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
SaudiArabia
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Audio
National anthem of Saudi Arabia
The instrumental version of the national anthem of Saudi Arabia.
Interactives
Saudi Arabia: Ethnic composition
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia: Religious affiliation
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia: Urban-rural
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia: Age breakdown
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia: Major import sources
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Saudi Arabia: Major export destinations
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
VIEW MORE
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Media for: Asia
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