The Ottoman Empire and the Middle East

Question: What is the title of the former kings of Iran?

Answer: The word "shah" is Persian for king. The last shah to rule was Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, dethroned in 1979.

Question: When was Pakistan formed?

Answer: In 1947 Britain and the Congress Party of India created the Muslim country of Pakistan from the northwestern and northeastern parts of India.

Question: At what battle did the Ottomans defeat a great Serbian army?

Answer: The Ottomans defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 CE. The Ottomans would rule over Serbia for the next 500 years.

Question: In what country does the ancient city of Petra lie?

Answer: Petra, an ancient city and capital of the Nabataean kingdom, is in Jordan.

Question: What Ottoman ruler was called "the Magnificent"?

Answer: Suleyman, the Ottoman ruler from 1520 to 1566, was called "the Magnificent" because under his rule the Ottoman Empire reached its greatest extent.

Question: Which of these countries was not once part of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer: India was never conquered by the Ottoman rulers. The Ottoman Empire extended throughout much of eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Arabian world.

Question: What Ottoman ruler was called "the Conqueror"?

Answer: Mehmed the Conqueror, who ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1451 to 1481, earned his name by conquering Constantinople in 1453, thus ending the Christian Byzantine Empire.

Question: What republic replaced the Ottoman Empire in its capital of Istanbul?

Answer: The Turkish republic was founded in 1923 after the Ottoman Empire collapsed. The capital was relocated from Istanbul to Ankara.

Question: Where did the Safavid ruler Abbas I make his capital?

Answer: Abbas I made his capital at Isfahan, in what is now Iran.