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Follow George Washington's life through the American Revolution and retirement to Mount Vernon
An overview of George Washington.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.George Washington is born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Augustine Washington and Mary Ball. Augustine’s grandfather had migrated in 1657 from England to the Virginia colony, where George spends his childhood on the family farm.
Spacious grounds surround the mansion at Mount Vernon in Virginia.
George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate & Gardens; photograph, Robert C. LautmanAfter his father’s death, George Washington is taken into the care of an elder half-brother, Lawrence, who builds an estate called Mount Vernon.
An illustration from Old Times in the Colonies (1881), by Charles Carleton Coffin, shows young George Washington as a surveyor.
Old Times in the Colonies, by Charles Carleton Coffin, 1881A teenaged Washington starts his career as a surveyor. Landowner Lord Fairfax sends Washington as an assistant on a surveying trip of the Shenandoah Valley. Lord Fairfax then gives him an appointment in 1749 as official surveyor of Culpeper County, Virginia.
1752
Upon the deaths of Lawrence and his daughter, Washington inherits Mount Vernon, becoming the head of a large plantation at a young age. He takes great interest in farming and works to expand his landholdings. (Though Washington later privately expresses disapproval of the institution of slavery, on which his plantation relies, and hopes for some way of abolishing it, many enslaved people are kept at Mount Vernon during his lifetime. He eventually includes provisions in his will to free the enslaved persons in his possession.)
Now a lieutenant colonel, Washington leads a surprise attack on the French post of Fort Duquesne. This skirmish marks the beginning of the French and Indian War. Washington is later named a full colonel but soon resigns due to resentment of the low pay and the lack of respect Britain gives to colonial officials.
1755–58
British General Edward Braddock and his army arrive in Virginia in 1755. Washington accepts his offer to be his aide-de-camp. Washington is made commander of all Virginia troops upon Braddock’s death later that year. Washington resigns from his post in 1758 when he is elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses.
The wedding of George Washington and Martha Dandridge Custis.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (reproduction no. LC-USZC4-630)Upon resigning his commission, Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis, a widow with two children. He focuses on running the prosperous Mount Vernon estate and serving in the House of Burgesses.
September 1774
Virginia legislators send Washington as one of their seven delegates to the First Continental Congress.
1775
Washington is elected to the Second Continental Congress and, upon the onset of the American Revolution with fighting at Lexington and Concord, is named commander in chief of the military forces of all colonies.
A painting shows George Washington crossing the Delaware River on the night of December 25, 1776, before the Battle of Trenton.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (reproduction no. LC-USZC2-3156)Washington’s troops suffer a crushing blow from the British troops led by General William Howe in New York. Outnumbered and with many soldiers abandoning their posts, Washington can only retreat, losing the city to the British. On Christmas night, however, he leads troops across the Delaware River to conduct a surprise attack on Hessian (German) troops camped at Trenton, New Jersey, following soon afterward with another military victory at Princeton, New Jersey.
1777–78
In December 1777 Washington withdraws to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, where he sets up winter quarters and reorganizes his army despite the bitter cold.
The American Revolution virtually ends with Lord Cornwallis surrendering to George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781. The scene is depicted in John Trumbull's painting The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis.
Architect of the CapitolWashington’s thorough plan enables colonial troops, who are assisted by a French army led by the comte de Rochambeau, to batter British troops at Yorktown, Virginia. British General Lord Cornwallis surrenders, virtually ending military operations in the American Revolution.
1787
Washington is persuaded to head back into public life after having returned for several years to Mount Vernon. In the spring Washington heads the Constitutional Convention, which has been called to draft a document that would structure the new nation’s government.
Triumphal arches, such as these near Philadelphia, were erected throughout the United States to commemorate the inauguration of President George Washington on April 30, 1789.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.Washington is inaugurated as the first U.S. president after a unanimous vote from electors. Washington is the only name considered for leader of the new national government.
1797
Resisting pressure to run for a third term, Washington retires to Mount Vernon.
A procession in Philadelphia commemorates the death of George Washington in 1799.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.Washington dies at Mount Vernon of a throat infection that he contracts after riding on horseback for hours in the cold and snow. He is buried at Mount Vernon.
Continental Congress, in the period of the American Revolution, the body of delegates who spoke and acted collectively for the people of the colony-states that later became the United States of America. The term most specifically refers to the bodies that met in 1774 and 1775–81 and respectively
President, in government, the officer in whom the chief executive power of a nation is vested. The president of a republic is the head of state, but the actual power of the president varies from country to country; in the United States, Africa, and Latin America the presidential office is charged
