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While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, duchess of Hohenberg, in an open carriage at Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, shortly before their assassination, June 28, 1914.
Henry Guttmann Collection—Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesArchduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, are assassinated on a visit to Sarajevo by a Bosnian Serb nationalist.
July 28, 1914
World War I begins when Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. A chain of threats and mobilizations soon results in a general war between the Central and Allied powers.
French infantry moving into position during World War I.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.The First Battle of the Marne begins. The Germans advance to within 30 miles (48 kilometers) of Paris but are stopped by the British and the French. Trench warfare begins.
The Second Battle of Ypres begins. The German army initiates the modern era of chemical warfare by using chlorine gas as a weapon on Allied trenches. Some 5,000 French and Algerian troops are killed.
April 25, 1915
Allied forces land on the Gallipoli Peninsula of the Ottoman Empire, beginning the nine-month-long Gallipoli Campaign. The campaign is a disaster almost from the beginning. Altogether, the Allies suffer more than 200,000 casualties and fail to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople (now Istanbul).
The New York Herald reporting the sinking of the Lusitania, a British ocean liner, by a German submarine on May 7, 1915.
Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesA German U-boat sinks the British ocean liner Lusitania off the southern coast of Ireland during the ocean liner’s crossing from New York to England. Nearly 1,200 people are killed, including 128 U.S. citizens.
February 21, 1916
The Battle of Verdun begins. Over the next 10 months, French and German armies at Verdun, France, suffer more than 700,000 casualties, including some 300,000 killed.
May 31, 1916
The British and German fleets meet 60 miles (97 kilometers) off the coast of Jutland, Denmark, marking the start of the Battle of Jutland. It is the war’s only major battle between the world’s two largest sea powers. The clash of the battleships is largely indecisive.
July 1, 1916
The first day of the First Battle of the Somme marks the single bloodiest day in the history of the British army, with nearly 20,000 British soldiers killed in action. By the time the Somme campaign ends, some four and a half months later, the combined casualties of both sides surpass 1,000,000.
March 15, 1917
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the throne after a week of riots in the Russian capital of St. Petersburg. The Russian Revolution will ultimately place the Bolsheviks in power.
James Montgomery Flagg's representation of Uncle Sam, which was used on World War I recruiting posters.
James Montgomery Flagg— Leslie-Judge Co., N.Y./Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-USZC4-3859)The United States declares war on Germany. By June, American forces arrive in France.
November 20, 1917
A British offensive at Cambrai, France, marks the first large-scale use of tanks in combat. British advances are short-lived, however. British forces are driven back almost to their original positions two weeks later.
September 26–November 11, 1918
The battles of the Meuse-Argonne take place. The battles are the final confrontations on the Western Front in northeastern France in World War I. The Argonne Forest is cleared of German troops by the end of October, and the Allies soon advance to the town of Sedan, France. The Armistice is declared on November 11, before a final offensive against Germany itself can begin.
June 28, 1919
The Allied and associated powers and Germany sign the Treaty of Versailles peace agreement.
