Discover how the Moon's equal periods of rotation and revolution affect its orientation toward Earth

Ancient people rarely considered the Moon as anything more than a disc in the sky. The Moon itself always faced Earth the same way. So people came to regard the Moon as something flat, much like they thought of the Earth at that time, too.

If they did think the Moon was spherical, they often spoke of the side that faced away from the Earth as "the Dark Side of the Moon."

Neither view is true, of course. We know that the Moon is round like a ball, and we know that the Sun may shine on all sides of the Moon.

So the only part of the Moon that is truly dark, is the side that’s aimed away from the Sun at any given time.

But the Moon "faces" the Earth more or less the same way all the time. How is that so?

The period of the Moon’s rotation is the same as the period of its revolution about the Earth. At the time of the full moon, the Sun is shining full on the face we always see.

And at new moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of its orbit from when it was full. The Moon has advanced halfway through its orbit, but it has also made one-half turn, so it has kept the same side toward the Earth.