Why is Diwali called the Festival of Lights?

Celebrated around late October and early November, Diwali is observed by over a billion people and is a joyous time for Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, and Buddhists. The festival begins on the 13th day of the dark half of the Hindu calendar month Ashvina and ends on the second day of the light half of the month Karttika. A total of five days with each day has its own special meaning and practices. Different regions and cultures have their own origin stories for Diwali. In North India, Diwali is celebrated in honour of the Hindu deity Lord Rama, who returned to the city of Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana, whereas Hindus in South India celebrate Krishna’s victory over the demon Narakasura. For those who follow Jainism, Diwali marks the moment when Mahavira, the most recent Tirthankara, or saviour, was liberated from the cycle of life and death, reaching nirvana. Sikhs commemorate Guru Hargobind’s return after his imprisonment by the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr. Some Buddhists celebrate Diwali as the day when Emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism. The name Diwali comes from the Sanskrit word dipavali, which means “row of lights.” Throughout the festival, small earthenware oil lamps called diyas are placed outside of homes and temples to welcome Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth and good fortune. Colourful rangolis—geometric designs, usually symbols of nature, made on the floor with materials such as sand, flower petals, and lentils—are drawn at the entrances of homes. Gambling card games are also common as they are believed to bring good luck in the coming year. Traditionally, women players always win in honour of Lakshmi. Regardless of how one observes the festival, Diwali is a celebration of light overcoming darkness and a time for feasting, exchanging gifts, visiting friends and family, and more.