David Livingstone

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Blantyre: David Livingstone's birthplace

Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River as seen from Zambia.

Henry Morton Stanley, raising his hat at left, meeting David Livingstone at Ujiji (now in Tanzania), 1871.

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David Livingstone summary

David Livingstone

Q: Who was David Livingstone?

David Livingstone was a Scottish missionary, doctor, abolitionist , and explorer who lived in the 1800s. He sought to bring Christianity , commerce, and “civilization” to Africa and undertook three extensive expeditions throughout much of the continent.

Q: What was David Livingstone’s childhood like?

David Livingstone was one of seven children born to poor, religious parents. The family lived in a single room in a tenement, and Livingstone went to work at a cotton mill at age 10. He was brought up in the Calvinist faith of the Scottish church but later joined an independent Christian congregation.

Q: Why is David Livingstone famous?

In 1855 David Livingstone became the first European to see Victoria Falls (at the border of modern Zambia and Zimbabwe ); he named them for Queen Victoria . In that same expedition he became the first European to cross the width of the African continent. His work and discoveries had an important influence on Western attitudes toward Africa .

Scottish explorer and missionary

Written by George Albert Shepperson

Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2024 • Article History

David Livingstone

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Category: History & Society

Born:: March 19, 1813, Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland

Died:: May 1, 1873, Chitambo [now in Zambia] (aged 60)

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Who was David Livingstone?

What was David Livingstone’s childhood like?

Why is David Livingstone famous?

David Livingstone (born March 19, 1813, Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland—died May 1, 1873, Chitambo [now in Zambia]) was a Scottish missionary and explorer who exercised a formative influence on Western attitudes toward Africa. Livingstone grew up in a distinctively Scottish family environment of personal piety, poverty, hard work, zeal for education, and a sense of mission. His father’s family was from the island of Ulva, off the west coast of Scotland. His mother, a Lowlander, was descended from a family of Covenanters, a group of militant Presbyterians. Both were poor, and Livingstone was reared as one of seven children in a ...(100 of 2292 words)

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