Romania

Table of Contents

Introduction & Quick Facts
Land
- Relief
- Drainage
- Soils
- Climate
- Plant and animal life
People
- Ethnic groups
- Languages
- Religion
- Settlement patterns
- Demographic trends
Economy
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
- Resources and power
- Manufacturing
- Finance
- Trade
- Services
- Labour and taxation
- Transportation and telecommunications
Government and society
- Constitutional framework
- Local government
- Justice
- Political process
- Security
- Health and welfare
- Housing
- Education
Cultural life
- Cultural milieu
- Daily life and social customs
- The arts
- Cultural institutions
- Sports and recreation
- Media and publishing
History
- Antiquity
  - The Dacians
  - The Slavs
  - Romanians and Hungarians
- The Middle Ages
  - Between Turkey and Austria
  - Society in Walachia and Moldavia
  - Romanians in Transylvania
- Nation building
  - The growing role of Russia
  - Independence
  - Romanian society: between tradition and modernity
- Greater Romania
  - New lands and peoples
  - From democracy to dictatorship
  - Shifts in society and economy
  - World War II
- Communist Romania
  - The seizure of power
  - Imposition of the Soviet model
  - National communism
- Collapse of communism
  - The revolution of 1989
  - New constitution

References & Edit History Facts & Stats

Images, Videos & Interactives

Romania: Ethnic composition

Romania: Religious affiliation

Cluj-Napoca, Romania

For Students

Romania summary

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Romania: Facts & Stats

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Facts

Also Known As	România • Rumania
Head Of Government	Prime Minister: Marcel Ciolacu
Capital	Bucharest
Population	(2024 est.) 18,673,000
Currency Exchange Rate	1 USD equals 4.640 Romanian new leu
Head Of State	President: Klaus Iohannis
Form Of Government	unitary republic with two legislative houses (Senate [136]; Chamber of Deputies [329¹])
Official Language	Romanian
Official Religion	none
Official Name	România (Romania)
Total Area (Sq Km)	238,398
Total Area (Sq Mi)	92,046
Monetary Unit	(new) leu² (RON; plural [new] lei)
Population Rank	(2023) 67
Population Projection 2030	17,974,000
Density: Persons Per Sq Mi	(2023) 204.5
Density: Persons Per Sq Km	(2023) 78.9
Urban-Rural Population	Urban: (2021) 53.8% • Rural: (2021) 46.2%
Life Expectancy At Birth	Male: (2020) 72.3 years • Female: (2020) 79.7 years
Literacy: Percentage Of Population Age 15 And Over Literate	Male: not available • Female: not available
Gni (U.S.$ ’000.000)	(2022) 296,798
Gni Per Capita (U.S.$)	(2022) 15,660
¹Includes a maximum of 18 elective seats for ethnic minorities.²The leu was redenominated on July 1, 2005. As of that date 10,000 (old) lei (ROL) = 1 (new) leu (RON).

Photos and Videos

Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Transylvanian Alps

Exploring Romania's underground Movile Cave ecosystem

National anthem of Romania

See All Videos, Images, Audio and Interactives →

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Timișoara

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Hărman: fortified church

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Quiz

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