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Canada
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References & Edit History Facts & Stats
Images, Videos & Interactives
Canada Canada Mount Assiniboine Canada Château Frontenac, Quebec city Moraine Lake in Banff National Park Ottawa: Parliament Buildings Toronto esker: Nunavut
For Students
Canada summary
Quizzes
Brown globe on antique map. Brown world on vintage map. North America. Green globe. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Countries & Their Features
Actual continental drift of plates. Thematic map.
Geography Fun Facts
10:087 Ocean: The World of Water, two globes showing eastern and western hemispheres
You Name It!
Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Countries of the World
Alberta, province, Canada locator map.
The Geography of Canada
Read Next
The United States pavilion, World's Fair, Montreal, by Buckminster Fuller built n 1967. The structure is now known as the Montreal Biosphere and houses an environmental museum inside the original geodesic dome. Reflection
11 Architectural Wonders to Visit in Canada 
Banff National Park. Aerial view of Lake Louise in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. Aerial perspective.
Canada: 10 Claims to Fame
Discover
Still from the film Deliverance, 1919. The story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan. View shows Keller in the cockpit/front seat of an airplane.
How Did Helen Keller Fly a Plane?
Aphrodite. Greek mythology. Sculpture. Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love and beauty.
12 Greek Gods and Goddesses
Black widow spider
9 of the World’s Deadliest Spiders
Pluto. The Changing Faces of Pluto. Most detailed view to date of the entire surface of the dwarf planet Pluto, as constructed from multiple NASA Hubble Space Telescope photographs taken from 2002 to 2003.
10 Important Dates in Pluto History
Albert Einstein in Washington, D.C. c. 1921-1923. Physicist
The Solar Eclipse That Made Albert Einstein a Science Celebrity
Adolf Hitler (Nazi, nazism, German leader).
9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler
earthquake. Heavily damaged school in the town of Yingxiu after a major earthquake struck China's Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008.
The 6 Deadliest Earthquakes Since 1950

Canada: Media

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Videos

Know about the structure and functions of the Canadian House of Commons
Learn about the functions and history of the Canadian House of Commons.
Video: © Library of Parliament (Canada) (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Know about the history, structure, and functions of the Senate of Canada
Learn about the functions and history of the Canadian Senate.
Video: © Library of Parliament (Canada) (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
The environmental impact of Canada's oil sands industry
Learn about the environmental impact of tar-sand (also called oil-sand) extraction,...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © David Webb/Dreamstime.com
The environmental impact of oil refineries in Canada
Learn about efforts to minimize the environmental impact of tar-sand (also called...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Alan Gignoux/Dreamstime.com
Look into the architectural history of the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Exploring the history of the Parliament Buildings, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Video: © Library of Parliament (Canada) (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Learn about the roles of three components of the Canadian Parliament—the monarch, the Senate, and the House of Commons—in English or French
Examining the roles of the three components of the Canadian Parliament—the monarch...
Video: © Library of Parliament (Canada) (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Life of polar bear cubs in the Canadian Arctic
Two polar bear cubs playing in the Canadian Arctic.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz
Survival challenges for polar bear cubs in the Arctic
A female polar bear taking her cubs to the sea to search for food in the Canadian...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz

Images

Canada
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Mount Assiniboine
Mount Assiniboine in Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada.
© fotomorgana/Fotolia
Canada
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Château Frontenac, Quebec city
Château Frontenac, Quebec city, Quebec.
George Hunter
Moraine Lake in Banff National Park
Moraine Lake at dawn, Banff National Park, southwestern Alberta, Canada.
© Mike Norton/Shutterstock.com
Ottawa: Parliament Buildings
Parliament Buildings, Ottawa.
© Creatas/JupiterImages
Toronto
Skyline of Toronto.
© Corbis
esker: Nunavut
Eskers, or narrow ridges of gravel and sand left by a retreating glacier, wind through...
© Richard Alexander Cooke III
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
Yellowknife, on the Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada.
George Hunter
Precambrian bedrock of the Canadian Shield
Precambrian bedrock of the Canadian Shield rising out of Reindeer Lake, on the border...
© Richard Alexander Cooke III
Appalachian region of southeastern New Brunswick
Forested hills in the Appalachian region of southeastern New Brunswick, Canada.
E. Otto/Comstock
Moraine Lake, Banff National Park, Alberta
Moraine Lake, Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada.
© Thomas Barrat/Dreamstime.com
Coppermine River, Canada
The Coppermine River, northern Canada, flowing through the Barren Grounds region...
Ted Grant—NFB/National Archives of Canada
tundra on Bathurst Island
Rock-strewn tundra of the barren Arctic lands of Polar Bear Pass on Bathurst Island,...
Brian Milne/First Light
Canada goose
Canada goose flying close to the water.
© Getty Images
moose in eastern Alberta, Canada
A moose in the North Saskatchewan River, eastern Alberta, Canada.
George Hunter
American badger
American badger (Taxidea taxus).
© Photos.com/Thinkstock
Edmonton, Alberta
Downtown Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
© Wendy Nero/Shutterstock.com
farmland in the St. Lawrence River valley
Long narrow strips of farmland, typical of French Canada, lie along the roads in...
George Hunter
farm in Saskatchewan
Harvesting wheat on a farm in the grain belt near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada....
George Hunter
paper mill in Thunder Bay, Ontario
Pulp and paper mill at Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
Thomas Kitchin/First Light
lobster fishing off Nova Scotia
Lobster fishing off the coast of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Eric Hayes/© Comstock
Grand Rapids hydroelectric power station in Manitoba
Grand Rapids hydroelectric power station on the Saskatchewan River at its influx...
George Hunter
Vancouver: container port
Container port at Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
© Werdiam/Dreamstime.com
Trans-Canada Highway in British Columbia
Section of the Trans-Canada Highway in the Selkirk Mountains, southeastern British...
Bob and Ira Spring/Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Confederation Bridge over the Northumberland Strait
Confederation Bridge over the Northumberland Strait, connecting New Brunswick to...
© darlenemunro/Fotolia
St. Lawrence Seaway at Montreal
Commodity-carrying laker in the St. Lawrence Seaway at Montreal, Canada.
© Winston Fraser/Comstock
Parliament of Canada: Senate chamber
The interior of the Senate chamber of the Canadian Parliament.
© Library of Parliament (Canada)/Marc Fowler (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Parliament of Canada: House of Commons
The interior of the House of Commons, part of the Canadian Parliament.
© Library of Parliament (Canada)/Roy Grogan (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Legislative Assembly Building in Fredericton, New Brunswick
Legislative Assembly Building, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
Courtesy Diane Mercier-Allain, Visitor Services, Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Royal Canadian Navy
Recruiting poster for the Royal Canadian Navy, c. 1915.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-USZC4-12677)
Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario
Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario.
© David Prichard/First Light
totem poles, British Columbia
Totem poles from various peoples indigenous to British Columbia, Canada, in Stanley...
© Alan Kearney/FPG International
Histoire de la Nouvelle France
Title page of Histoire de la Nouvelle France (1609; History of New France)...
Les Muses de la Nouvelle France by Marc Lescarbot, 1609/Archive.org
Margaret Atwood
Margaret Atwood.
© Sutton-Hibber—REX/Shutterstock.com
Micmac bark box
Micmac bark box embroidered with porcupine quills, northeastern Canada; in the Denver...
Courtesy of the Denver Art Museum, Colorado
Festival Theatre in Stratford, Ontario
Festival Theatre, Stratford, Ontario, Canada.
Malak, Ottawa
the Tragically Hip
The Tragically Hip—(from left) Paul Langlois, Gord Downie, Johnny Fay, Gord Sinclair,...
© Andrew Chin/Getty Images
Louisbourg
Restored fortress of Louisbourg, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada.
© E. Otto/Comstock Photofile Limited
Canadian Museum of Civilization
Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau, Quebec.
© Creatas/JupiterImages
Wayne Gretzky
Wayne Gretzky.
© Jerry Coli/Dreamstime.com
curler Russ Howard
Canadian curler Russ Howard competing in the 1993 World Curling Championship.
Chuck Stoody/Canapress Photo Service
Banff National Park: Lake Louise
Lake Louise in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada.
© Peter Wey/Fotolia
John Cabot landing at Labrador
John Cabot landing on the shores of Labrador, colored engraving by an unknown artist,...
© North Wind Picture Archives
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier.
Library and Archives Canada (Acc. No. 1997-218-1)
upper St. Lawrence River
Map of the upper St. Lawrence River from Marc Lescarbot's Histoire de la Nouvelle...
Library of Congress, Rare Book Division
New France
New France, 16th–18th century.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Port Royal, Nova Scotia
French settlement at Port Royal, Nova Scotia, from a map by Marc Lescarbot, 1609.
Library of Congress, Rare Book Division
Huron people
Illustration of Huron people from New Voyages to North-America (1703) by...
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
British attack on Quebec city in 1690
Contemporary depiction of the unsuccessful British attack on Quebec city in 1690.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Battle of Quebec
British troops scaling the heights of the Plains of Abraham and engaging the French...
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Province of Quebec, 1774
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Upper and Lower Canada, 1840
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Louis Joseph Papineau
Louis Joseph Papineau.
Courtesy of the Public Archives of Canada
Canadian political development, 1871–1931
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Louis Riel
Louis Riel.
Courtesy of the Archives Nationales du Québec
Arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, 1886
Arrival of the first Canadian Pacific transcontinental passenger train at Port Moody,...
Canadian Pacific Limited Rail Corporate Archives
Donald Smith; Canadian Pacific Railway
Donald Smith preparing to drive the last spike in the Canadian Pacific transcontinental...
CP Rail Corporate Archives
Royal Canadian Navy
Group portrait of the commodore and crew of the HMCS Stadacona, a flagship of the...
Archives of the City of Vancouver (AM54-S4-: LP 39)
Mackenzie King, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill
(From left, seated) Canadian Prime Minister W.L. Mackenzie King, U.S. President Franklin...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
John George Diefenbaker
John George Diefenbaker.
NFB/National Archives of Canada
Lester B. Pearson
Canadian Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson in 1963.
Canadian Press
Jean Chrétien
Jean Chrétien, 1994.
Larry Downing/Sygma
Paul Martin
Paul Martin.
Photo by Dave Chan-PMO
2006 Canadian federal election results
Canada's 2006 federal election results.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Harper, Stephen
Stephen Harper.
Courtesy of the Office of the Prime Minister, Government of Canada
2008 Canadian federal election results
Canada's 2008 federal election results.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
2011 Canadian federal election results
Canada's 2011 federal election results.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
2015 Canadian federal election results
Canada's 2015 federal election results.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Justin Trudeau and Sophie Grégoire-Trudeau
Justin Trudeau and his wife, Sophie Grégoire-Trudeau (centre), arriving on November...
Chris Wattie—Reuters/Landov
Justin Trudeau: state visit
U.S. Pres. Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama, Canadian Prime Minister Justin...
Andrew Harnik/AP Images
Sir John Macdonald
Sir John Macdonald, lithograph, 19th century
Photos.com/Thinkstock
Alexander Mackenzie, portrait by an unknown artist
NFB/National Archives of Canada
Sir John Abbott, after a photograph by Notman, Montreal
© Bettmann/Corbis
Sir John Thompson, 1893
Courtesy of the Public Archives of Canada
Bowell
National Archives of Canada (PA-027159).
Tupper, 1883
Courtesy of the Public Archives of Canada
Wilfrid Laurier
Wilfrid Laurier.
NFB/National Archives of Canada
Sir Robert Borden
NFB/National Archives of Canada
Arthur Meighen
Arthur Meighen, 1920.
© Bettmann/Corbis
W.L. Mackenzie King
W.L. Mackenzie King.
NFB/National Archives of Canada
Viscount Bennett
NFB/National Archives of Canada
Louis Saint Laurent, 1953
NFB/National Archives of Canada
Pearson, Lester B.
Lester B. Pearson, 1963.
Canadian Press
Pierre Elliott Trudeau.
Evening Standard/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Joe Clark
Joe Clark, 1979.
© Bettman/Corbis
John N. Turner
John N. Turner, 1983.
© UPI/Corbis
Brian Mulroney
Brian Mulroney at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, September 1984.
U.S. Department of Defense
Kim Campbell
Kim Campbell.
Norm Betts—Canada Wide/Sygma
Justin Trudeau
Justin Trudeau, 2015.
Chris Roussakis—EPA/Landov
climate stripes
Climate stripes showing the temperature changes in Canada from 1881 to 2022.
© Professor Ed Hawkins/University of Reading (https://showyourstripes.info/)
The arms of Canada.
Arms of Canada is a protected symbol and is reproduced by the permission of the Government of Canada
distribution of majority Anglophone and Francophone populations in Canada
Distribution of majority Anglophone and Francophone populations in Canada. The 1996...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canadian Shield
Map depicting the extent of the Canadian Shield in North America. The Canadian Shield...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(Top) Indigenous communities in Canada and (bottom) reservations in the United States.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
map of Canada
Map of Canada.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Native American population density
Native American population density in the United States and Canada.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Appalachian Mountains
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The Great Lakes and their drainage basin
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
map of western North America
Physical features of western North America.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The Alaskan mountain ranges and the Mackenzie and Yukon river basins and their drainage...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Audio

instrumental version of the Canadian national anthem, “O Canada”
The instrumental version of the Canadian national anthem, “O Canada.”

Interactives

Canada: Permanent immigrants admitted
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada: Population by mother tongue
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada: Religious affiliation
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Population density of Canada
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada: Urban-rural
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada: Age breakdown
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada: Renewable energy by source
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada: Major import sources
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada: Major export destinations
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Canada: provinces, territories, and capitals
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski
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