Europe - Manufacturing, Industries, Trade

Europe

Table of Contents

Introduction
Geologic history
- General considerations
  - Tectonic framework
  - Chronological summary
- Stratigraphy and structure
  - Precambrian
  - Paleozoic Era
    - Caledonian orogenic belt
    - Hercynian orogenic belt
    - Uralian orogenic belt
  - Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras
    - North European and Russian platforms
    - Cenozoic igneous provinces
    - Iceland
    - Pleistocene glaciation
    - Modern geologic framework
Land
- Relief
  - Elevations
  - Physiographic units
    - Coastal and interior lowlands
    - Central uplands and plateaus
    - Northwestern highlands
    - Southern Europe
- Drainage
  - Topographic influences
  - Hydrology
  - Lake systems and marshes
- Soils
- Climate
  - Air pressure belts
  - Climatic regions
    - Maritime climate
    - Central European climate
    - Continental climate
    - Mediterranean climate
  - The effects of climate
- Plant life
  - Major vegetation zones
  - Shaping of vegetation zones
    - Climatic change
    - Role of humans
  - Plant imports
- Animal life
  - Patterns of distribution
    - Wild animals
    - Domesticated animals
  - Conservation
People
- Cultural patterns
  - Culture groups
  - Languages
    - Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages
    - Other languages
  - Religions
    - Christianity
    - Judaism and Islam
- Demographic patterns
  - Overall densities
  - Urban and rural settlement
  - Population trends
  - Migration
Economy
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
  - Agricultural distribution
  - Agricultural organization
  - Forestry and fishing
- Resources and power
  - Mineral resources
    - Coal
    - Petroleum and natural gas
    - Uranium
    - Iron ores
    - Ferroalloy metals
    - Nonferrous base metals
    - Precious metals
  - Nonmetallic deposits
  - Water resources
  - Biological resources
  - Power
- Manufacturing
  - Heavy industry
  - Chemical industries
  - Light industry and handicrafts
- Trade
  - Trade within Europe
  - External trade
- Tourism
- Transportation
  - Roads
  - Railways
  - Waterways and pipelines
  - Airways
  - Animal transport

References & Edit History Related Topics

Images & Videos

For Students

Europe summary

Read Next

Map view of Europe on a geographical globe.

Where Does the Name Europe Come From?

Union Jack flag of Great Britain, united kingdom

What’s the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom?

10 Infographics that Explain the Normandy Invasion During World War II

Discover

Pluto. The Changing Faces of Pluto. Most detailed view to date of the entire surface of the dwarf planet Pluto, as constructed from multiple NASA Hubble Space Telescope photographs taken from 2002 to 2003.

10 Important Dates in Pluto History

Vietnam War. U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson awards the Distinguished Service Cross to First Lieutenant Marty A. Hammer, during a visit to military personnel, Cam Ranh Bay, South Vietnam, October 26, 1966. President Johnson

Vietnam War Timeline

Adolf Hitler (Nazi, nazism, German leader).

9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler

Albert Einstein in Washington, D.C. c. 1921-1923. Physicist

The Solar Eclipse That Made Albert Einstein a Science Celebrity

9 of the World’s Deadliest Spiders

solar eclipse, sun, moon, astronomy, space

How Do You Tell the Difference Between Total, Annular, Solar, and Lunar Eclipses?

Two chicks near an egg with a white background (poultry, chick, chickens, birds).

What Do Eggs Have to Do with Easter?

The change from charcoal to coke as fuel in blast furnaces led to the localization of Europe’s iron and steel industries on its coalfields to economize transport costs, although imported iron ore, cheap American coal, electric furnaces, and technological efficiency have loosened this tie. Thus, Northumberland and Durham (England), North Rhine–Westphalia (Germany), Upper Silesia (mostly in Poland), and the Donets Basin (Ukraine) historically have had coalfield furnaces and mills, while others are grouped near sources of the ore, as at Kryvyy Rih (Ukraine) and in Lorraine (France), or at such convenient estuary or port sites as Port Talbot (southern Wales), ...(100 of 20355 words)

Access the full article

Help support true facts by becoming a member.