Lebanon - French Mandate, Mediterranean, Phoenicians

Lebanon

Table of Contents

Introduction & Quick Facts
Land
- Relief
- Drainage
- Soils
- Climate
- Plant and animal life
People
- Ethnic and linguistic composition
- Religion
- Settlement patterns
- Demographic trends
Economy
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
- Resources and power
- Manufacturing
- Finance
- Trade
- Services
- Labour and taxation
- Transportation
Government and society
- Constitutional framework
- Local government
- Justice
- Political process
- Security
- Health and welfare
- Housing
- Education
- Social and economic division
Cultural life
- Cultural milieu
- Daily life and social customs
- The arts
- Cultural institutions
- Sports and recreation
- Media and publishing
History
- Phoenicia
  - Origins and relations with Egypt
  - Phoenicia as a colonial and commercial power
    - Colonies
    - Commerce
    - Navigation and seafaring
  - Assyrian and Babylonian domination of Phoenicia
  - Persian period
  - Greek and Roman periods
- Lebanon in the Middle Ages
- Ottoman period
- French mandate
- Lebanon after independence
  - Khuri regime, 1943–52
  - Chamoun regime and the 1958 crisis
  - Chehabism: from Chehab to Hélou, 1958–76
  - Civil war
  - Lebanon’s Second Republic (1990– )
    - Politics and reconstruction in post-civil war Lebanon
      Rebuilding the political and economic infrastructure
      Resistance to the ongoing Israeli and Syrian presence in Lebanon
    - Factional wrangling over Hezbollah’s role in Lebanon
    - Regional impacts on Lebanon during and after the Arab Spring
    - Debt crisis
      2018 election and the formation of a national unity government
      Government mismanagement, anti-corruption protests, and the 2020 Beirut explosions

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At the end of the war, Lebanon was occupied by Allied forces and placed under a French military administration. In 1920 Beirut and other coastal towns, Al-Biqāʿ, and certain other districts were added to the autonomous territory Mount Lebanon as defined in 1861 to form Greater Lebanon (Grand Liban; subsequently called the Lebanese Republic). In 1923 the League of Nations formally gave the mandate for Lebanon and Syria to France. The Maronites, strongly pro-French by tradition, welcomed this, and during the next 20 years, while France held the mandate, the Maronites were favoured. The expansion of prewar Lebanon into Greater ...(100 of 17994 words)

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