Ancient Egypt - Macedonian, Ptolemaic, 332-30 BCE | Britannica

ancient Egypt

Table of Contents

Introduction & Top Questions
Introduction to ancient Egyptian civilization
- Life in ancient Egypt
- The king and ideology: administration, art, and writing
- Sources, calendars, and chronology
- The recovery and study of ancient Egypt
The Predynastic and Early Dynastic periods
- Predynastic Egypt
- The Early Dynastic period (c. 2925–c. 2575 bce)
  - The 1st dynasty (c. 2925–c. 2775 bce)
  - The 2nd dynasty (c. 2775–c. 2650 bce)
  - The 3rd dynasty (c. 2650–c. 2575 bce)
The Old Kingdom (c. 2575–c. 2130 bce) and the First Intermediate period (c. 2130–1938 bce)
- The Old Kingdom
  - The 4th dynasty (c. 2575–c. 2465 bce)
  - The 5th dynasty (c. 2465–c. 2325 bce)
  - The 6th dynasty (c. 2325–c. 2150 bce)
  - The 7th and 8th dynasties (c. 2150–c. 2130 bce)
- The First Intermediate period
  - The 9th dynasty (c. 2130–2080 bce)
  - The 10th (c. 2080–c. 1970 bce) and 11th (2081–1938 bce) dynasties
The Middle Kingdom (1938–c. 1630 bce) and the Second Intermediate period (c. 1630–1540 bce)
- The Middle Kingdom
  - The 12th dynasty (1938–c. 1756 bce)
  - The 13th dynasty (c. 1756–c. 1630 bce)
- The Second Intermediate period
The New Kingdom (c. 1539–1075 bce)
- The 18th dynasty (c. 1539–1292 bce)
  - Ahmose
  - Amenhotep I
  - Thutmose I and Thutmose II
  - Hatshepsut and Thutmose III
  - Amenhotep II
  - Thutmose IV
  - Foreign influences during the early 18th dynasty
  - Amenhotep III
  - Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)
  - The aftermath of Amarna
  - Ay and Horemheb
- The Ramesside period (19th and 20th dynasties) (1292–1075 bce)
  - Ramses I and Seti I
  - Ramses II
  - Merneptah
  - Last years of the 19th dynasty
  - The early 20th dynasty: Setnakht and Ramses III
  - Ramses IV
  - The later Ramesside kings
Egypt from 1075 bce to the Macedonian invasion
- The Third Intermediate period (1075–656 bce)
  - The 21st dynasty
  - Libyan rule: the 22nd and 23rd dynasties
  - The 24th and 25th dynasties
- The Late period (664–332 bce)
- Egypt under Achaemenid rule
  - The 27th dynasty
  - The 28th, 29th, and 30th dynasties
  - The second Persian period
Macedonian and Ptolemaic Egypt (332–30 bce)
- The Macedonian conquest
- The Ptolemaic dynasty
- The Ptolemies (305–145 bce)
- Dynastic strife and decline (145–30 bce)
- Government and conditions under the Ptolemies
  - Administration
  - Economy
  - Religion
  - Culture
Roman and Byzantine Egypt (30 bce– 642 ce)
- Egypt as a province of Rome
- Administration and economy under Rome
- Society, religion, and culture
- Egypt’s role in the Byzantine Empire
- Byzantine government of Egypt
- The advance of Christianity

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images & Videos

Travel down the Nile to discover important ancient Egyptian cultural sites such as the Pyramids of Giza

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In the autumn of 332 bce Alexander the Great invaded Egypt with his mixed army of Macedonians and Greeks and found the Egyptians ready to throw off the oppressive control of the Persians. Alexander was welcomed by the Egyptians as a liberator and took the country without a battle. He journeyed to Siwa Oasis in the Western Desert to visit the Oracle of Amon, renowned in the Greek world; it disclosed the information that Alexander was the son of Amon. There may also have been a coronation at the Egyptian capital, Memphis, which, if it occurred, would have placed him ...(100 of 34953 words)

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