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earthquake
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Kōbe earthquake of 1995 earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, Haiti earthquake epicentres San Francisco earthquake of 1906
Study the San Andreas Fault to see how horizontal movement displaces underlying rock and causes earthquakes
types of faulting in tectonic earthquakes map of active volcanoes and thermal fields
Learn how Earth's crustal plates grind against each other and send energy waves in all directions
See the testing of new bridge design which is capable of resisting earthquakes
tsunami
For Students
Burning and collapsed buildings in Kōbe, Japan, after the January 1995 earthquake.
earthquake summary
Quizzes
rain. Child in the rain, wearing a rain coat, under a yellow umbrella. April Showers weather climate rain storm water drops
April Showers to March’s Lions and Lambs
Warm water fuels Hurricane Katrina. This image depicts a 3-day average of actual dea surface temperatures for the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, from August 25-27, 2005.
Disasters of Historic Proportion
Cross section of Earth showing the core, mantle, and crust
The Solid Earth Quiz
Encyclopaedia Britannica thistle graphic to be used with a Mendel/Consumer quiz in place of a photograph.
36 Questions from Britannica’s Most Popular Science Quizzes
Related Questions
Read Next
VAN, TURKEY - OCTOBER 25: A building and car ruined during the earthquake of Van-Ercis on October 25, 2011 in Van, Turkey. It is 604 killed and 4152 injured in Van-Ercis Earthquake.
What Is an Aftershock?
An Air Force search and rescue team in an HH-60 G Pave Hawk helicopter surveys the damage as it flies over Sendai, Japan, March 14, 2011. Japan 2011
Five Years Later: The Great Sendai Earthquake
In this aerial photo, structures are damaged and destroyed October 15, 2005 in Balakot, Pakistan. It is estimated that 90% of the city of Balakot was leveled by the earthquake. The death toll in the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that struck northern Pakistan on October 8, 2005 is believed to be 38,000 with at least 1,300 more dead in Indian Kashmir. SEE CONTENT NOTES.
6 of the World’s Deadliest Natural Disasters
Composite image - Katsushika Hokusai The Great Wave off Kanagawa, color woodcut print, with background of Seismograph recording seismic activity and detecting an earthquake
How Do Scientists Predict Tsunamis After Earthquakes?
earthquake. Heavily damaged school in the town of Yingxiu after a major earthquake struck China's Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008.
The 6 Deadliest Earthquakes Since 1950
Discover
Periodical Cicada, Adult, Magicicada spp. Requires 17 years to complete development. Nymph splits its skin, and transforms into an adult. Feeds on sap of tree roots. Northern Illinois Brood. This brood is the largest emergence of cicadas anywhere
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In this aerial photo, structures are damaged and destroyed October 15, 2005 in Balakot, Pakistan. It is estimated that 90% of the city of Balakot was leveled by the earthquake. The death toll in the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that struck northern Pakistan on October 8, 2005 is believed to be 38,000 with at least 1,300 more dead in Indian Kashmir. SEE CONTENT NOTES.
6 of the World’s Deadliest Natural Disasters
A Factory Interior, watercolor, pen and gray ink, graphite, and white goache on wove paper by unknown artist, c. 1871-91; in the Yale Center for British Art. Industrial Revolution England
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Videos

Study the San Andreas Fault to see how horizontal movement displaces underlying rock and causes earthquakes
Earthquakes are caused by a sudden fracture of rock masses along a fault line.
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Learn how Earth's crustal plates grind against each other and send energy waves in all directions
John P. Rafferty, biological and earth science editor of Encyclopædia Britannica,...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
See the testing of new bridge design which is capable of resisting earthquakes
Testing new bridge designs capable of resisting significant earthquake damage.
Video: Displayed by permission of The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Examine how earthquake shock waves can generate a tsunami like the one that crashed down on Hilo in 1946
Vintage newsreels show the terrible destruction that a tsunami brought to Hilo, Hawaii,...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Learn how the Richter scale measures magnitude and the Mercalli scale measures intensity of an earthquake
The Richter scale measures the magnitude of earthquakes, and the Mercalli scale measures...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Learn about P waves, S waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves generated by an earthquake
Seismic waves travel in different patterns and at different speeds through the Earth....
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
MyShake earthquake early warning app
Learn about researchers developing the MyShake earthquake early warning system that...
Video: Displayed by permission of The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Can ants predict an upcoming earthquake?
A scientist hoping one day to predict earthquakes by observing ants in colonies situated...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz
How skyscrapers in Mexico City withstand earthquakes
Learn more about the Mexico City earthquake of 1985 and the Torre Mayor office building...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Enrique Gomez Tamez/Dreamstime.com
How Japan prepares for potential earthquakes
Amid predictions that Tokyo will be struck by a major earthquake by 2040, local officials...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail © Norman Chan/Dreamstime.com; © Oleksandr Khoma/Dreamstime.com
See the catastrophic aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake of 1906
San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake.
Video: Library of Congress Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division, Washington, D.C.
Learn with geophysicist Horst Rademacher on the working of a seismometer, how it records data by simulating an earthquake in the classroom
Geophysicist Horst Rademacher of the University of California, Berkeley, simulating...
Video: Displayed by permission of The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
How earthquakes cause seismic waves
Learn more about the relationship between earthquakes and different types of seismic...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Listen to what the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 taught about seismology, early warning system, earthquake preparedness and the role of the Berkeley seismology lab
A discussion of the lessons learned from the Loma Prieta (San Francisco–Oakland)...
Video: Displayed by permission of The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Learn how the Richter scale relies on vibration to logarithmically track earth tremors
The Richter scale and how it measures earthquake magnitude. The Richter scale calculates...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
See a presentation to understand liquefaction
During a liquefaction event, such as that which could be produced by an earthquake,...
Video: © MinuteEarth (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Review how underwater earthquakes, volcanoes, or landslides can generate tsunamis
John Rafferty, associate editor of Earth sciences at Encyclopædia Britannica, discussing...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Learn how geophones, broadband packages, and strong motion instruments help study tremors and other seismic activities
Discover how seismic sensors such as geophones, broadband packages, and strong-motion...
Video: Displayed by permission of The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Examine how the theory of plate tectonics explains volcanic activity, earthquakes, and mountains
A general discussion of plate tectonics.
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Images

Kōbe earthquake of 1995
Building knocked off its foundation by the January 1995 earthquake in Kōbe, Japan.
Dr. Roger Hutchison/NGDC
earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Residents of an earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, seeking...
Petty Officer 2nd Class Sondra-Kay Kneen/U.S. Coast Guard
earthquake epicentres
Global seismic centres for earthquakes of magnitude 5.5 and greater occurring between...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
San Francisco earthquake of 1906
Crowds watching the fires set off by the earthquake in San Francisco in 1906, photo...
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
types of faulting in tectonic earthquakes
Types of faulting in tectonic earthquakes. In normal and reverse faulting, rock masses...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
map of active volcanoes and thermal fields
Volcanoes and thermal fields that have been active during the past 10,000 years.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
tsunami
After being generated by an undersea earthquake or landslide, a tsunami may propagate...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
seismic wave: main types
Diagram showing the main types of seismic waves: P (primary), S...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
physical clues for earthquake prediction
Chart graphing the physical clues for earthquake prediction.
recording of the San Fernando earthquake, 1971
Recording of the San Fernando earthquake, near Pacoima Dam, California, 1971, showing...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
illustration of seismic ray types in Earth's interior
Seismic ray types in Earth's interior from an earthquake at F.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
graph illustrating the displacements of the Earth
Displacements of the Earth in four types of free vibrations.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
graphs illustrating recorded oscillations of the Indonesian earthquake, 1977
(A) Recorded ground motion for 20 hours at Whiskeytown, California, in the large...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
San Francisco earthquake damage
Aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.
U.S. Department of Defense
İzmit earthquake of 1999
Buildings damaged by the İzmit earthquake in Turkey, 1999.
U.S. Geological Survey
Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989: soil liquefaction
An automobile crushed under the remains of an apartment building in the Marina District,...
USGS
2015 Nepal earthquake: Kathmandu
A rubble-filled street in Kathmandu shortly after the magnitude-7.8 earthquake that...
Niranjan Shrestha/AP Images
Lisbon earthquake, 1755
A drawing of the Lisbon earthquake of November 1, 1755.
Photos.com/Jupiterimages
island arc
Features of a typical island arc.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
San Francisco earthquake of 1906
Map of northern California depicting the intensity of shaking caused by the earthquake...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski
Tangshan earthquake of 1976
Map depicting the intensity of shaking experienced during the Tangshan earthquake...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Nepal earthquake of 2015
Map of the earthquake that struck Nepal and the surrounding region on April 25, 2015....
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski
New Madrid earthquakes of 1811–12
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski
1989 San Francisco–Oakland earthquake
Map of the 1989 San Francisco–Oakland earthquake (also known as the Loma Prieta earthquake)....
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski
earthquake: P waves and S waves
P and S waves travel through the planet Earth after an earthquake....
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Burning and collapsed buildings in Kōbe, Japan, after the January 1995 earthquake....
Dr. Roger Hutchison/NGDC
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