Rare-earth element - Hydrides, Properties, Uses

rare-earth element

Table of Contents

Introduction
Discovery and history
Abundance, occurrence, and reserves
Minerals and ores
- Bastnasite
- Laterite clays
- Monazite
- Loparite
- Xenotime
Electronic structure and ionic radius
Processing ores
Separation chemistry
- Ion exchange
- Solvent extraction
Preparation of the metals
- Calciothermic method
- Electrolytic method
- Preparation of samarium, europium, thulium, and ytterbium: lanthanothermic process
Properties of the metals
- Crystal structures
- Melting points
- Boiling points
- Electrical properties
- Magnetic properties
- Thermal expansion
- Elastic properties
- Mechanical properties
- Chemical properties
Compounds
- Oxides
  - Sesquioxides
  - Higher oxides
  - Lower oxides
  - Ternary and higher-order oxides
- Hydrides
- Halides
- Metallic and complex compounds
  - Permanent magnets
  - Rechargeable batteries
  - Electron guns
  - Microkelvin cooling
  - Magnetostriction
  - Giant magnetocaloric effect
- Complexes
Nuclear properties
Toxicity

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

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Crystal structures of rare-earth metals.

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The arrangement of copper, yttrium, oxygen, and barium ions in yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7), an example of a superconducting ceramic crystal structure.

For Students

rare earth metal summary

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The rare-earth metals readily react with hydrogen to form RH₂, and, by raising the hydrogen pressure, the trivalent R metals (except for scandium) also form the RH₃ phase. Both the RH₂ and RH₃ phases are nonstoichiometric (that is, the numbers of atoms of the elements present cannot be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers). The RH₂ phase has the CaF₂ fluoride structure for trivalent R, and for divalent europium and ytterbium the dihydride crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure that has the same structure as the alkaline earth dihydrides. The RH₃ phases have two different crystal structures. For the ...(100 of 11935 words)

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