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Acute bronchitis most commonly occurs as a consequence of viral infection. It may also be precipitated by acute exposure to irritant gases, such as ammonia, chlorine, or sulfur dioxide. In people with chronic bronchitis—a common condition in cigarette smokers—exacerbations of infection are common. The bronchial tree in acute bronchitis is reddened and congested, and minor blood streaking of the sputum may occur. Most cases of acute bronchitis resolve over a few days, and the mucosa repairs itself. Bronchiolitis refers to inflammation of the small airways. Bronchiolitis probably occurs to some extent in acute viral disorders, particularly in children between the ...(100 of 14530 words)