Sound reception - Amphibians, Hearing, Sensitivity

sound reception

Table of Contents

Introduction
Organs of sound reception in invertebrates
- Types of insect auditory structures
  - Hair sensilla
  - Antennae and antennal organs
  - Cercal organs
  - Tympanal organs
- Evidence of hearing and communication in insects
  - Behavioral observations
  - Electrophysiological observations
- Evidence of hearing and communication in spiders
  - Anatomical evidence
  - Behavioral evidence
Sound reception in vertebrates— auditory mechanisms of fishes and amphibians
- Hearing in fishes
  - The basic auditory mechanisms in teleosts
  - Special stimulation mechanisms
  - Auditory sensitivity of fishes
- Hearing in amphibians
  - The auditory mechanism in frogs
  - Auditory sensitivity of amphibians
Auditory structures of reptiles
- Lizards
  - Auditory structure
  - Hearing abilities of lizards
- Snakes
- Amphisbaenians
- Turtles
- Crocodiles
Hearing in birds
- The avian auditory structure
- Auditory sensitivity in birds
- Uses of hearing in birds
Hearing in mammals
- Auditory structure of mammals
- Hearing in subhuman mammals
  - Primates
  - Common laboratory animals
  - Large mammals
  - Marine mammals
  - Echolocation in bats
  - Echolocation in other mammals

References & Edit History Related Topics

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Although it is presumed that all amphibians possess hearing of some kind, the evidence is sparse; only salamanders other than anurans have been studied experimentally. Salamanders trained to come for food at the sound of a tone responded only at low frequencies, up to 244 hertz in one specimen and to 218 hertz in three others. Frogs, which are of special interest because they first live in the water as tadpoles and then undergo a metamorphosis that equips them for life on land, have been studied more extensively. Considerable modifications of the middle-ear mechanism occur during metamorphosis. Presumably, the tadpole ...(100 of 14389 words)

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