Agricultural technology - Crop Protection, Pest Control, Fertilizers

agricultural technology

Table of Contents

Introduction
Soil preparation
- Tilling
  - Primary tillage equipment
  - Secondary tillage
  - Minimum tillage
  - Mulch tillage
- Fertilizing and conditioning the soil
  - Essential plant nutrients
  - Determining nutrient needs
  - The economics of fertilizers
  - Farm manure
  - Green manuring
  - Compost, peat, and sludge
  - Liming
  - Methods of application
  - The future for fertilizers
Factors in cropping
- Cropping systems
  - Crop rotation
  - Monoculture
    - Advantages of monoculture
    - Disadvantages of monoculture
- Crop protection
  - Chemical control of insects
  - Nonchemical control of insects
    - Mechanical and cultural controls
    - Biological controls
  - Control of plant diseases and nematodes
  - Weed control
Harvesting and crop processing
- Harvesting machinery
- Crop-processing machinery
Regional variations in technique
- Dryland farming
  - Fallow system and tillage techniques
  - Fertilizer use
  - Crops and planting methods
- Tropical farming
  - Plant-pest problems
  - Water management
  - Mechanical problems
- Other specialized techniques
  - Hydroponics
  - Greenhouses
The factor of weather
- Weather information
  - Other weather-research benefits
  - Observing climatic elements
  - The degree day
- Weather effects
  - Solar radiation
  - Photosynthesis
  - Photoperiodism
- Weather conditions and controls
  - Temperature
  - Frost
  - Irrigation
  - Rainmaking
  - Humidity
  - Wind
The effects of pollution
- Air pollution
  - Air pollution damage to agriculture
    - Acid gases
    - Products of combustion
  - Air pollution by agriculture
    - Pesticides
    - Odours, pollen, and dust
- Soil and water pollution
  - Pollutants damaging to agriculture
    - Sediment
    - Plant nutrients
    - Inorganic salts and minerals
    - Organic wastes
    - Infectious agents
    - Chemicals
    - Heat
  - Pollutants from agriculture
    - Eutrophication
    - Salinity
    - Agricultural processing wastes
  - Monitoring pesticides

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Crops are vulnerable to attack, damage, and competition. Insects, plant disease, nematodes, rodents, weeds, and air pollution are among the many enemies that can reduce crop yields and deny man the use of some of his farm-stored crops. Insects, for example, can destroy a crop in a relatively short time. Control measures for many years have engaged the attention of farmer and scientist, yet full success has not been achieved, and the battle continues. The problem is further complicated by the fact that control measures not only kill unwanted insects, but also may harm honey bees as well as the ...(100 of 17649 words)

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