Technology of photography - 35mm Miniature Camera | Britannica

technology of photography

Table of Contents

Introduction
Cameras and lenses
- Basic camera functions
- Principal camera types
  - The 35-mm miniature camera
  - The ultraminiature or subminiature
  - The view, or technical, camera
  - The medium-size hand camera
  - The folding roll-film camera
  - The single-lens reflex
  - The twin-lens reflex
- Shutter and diaphragm systems
  - The leaf shutter
  - Focal-plane shutter
  - Diaphragm and shutter settings
  - Exposure values
  - Automatic-diaphragm systems
- Methods of focusing and framing
  - Focusing aids
  - Autofocus systems
  - Viewfinders
- Exposure-metering systems
- Flash systems
  - Electronic flash
  - Automatic and dedicated flash
  - Flashbulbs
  - Firing and synchronization
- System cameras
- Characteristics and parameters of lenses
  - Focal length and image scale
  - Aperture
  - Angle of coverage
- Optical performance
  - Aberrations
  - Resolving power and contrast-transfer function
- Special lens types
  - Telephoto lenses
  - Wide-angle and retrofocus lenses
  - Fish-eye lenses
  - Mirror lenses
  - Variable-focus lenses
- Lens-changing systems
- Lens coating
Black-and-white films
- The latent image
- Sensitometry and speed
- Colour sensitivity
- Filters
- Other film characteristics
  - Grain
  - Resolving power and acutance
  - Contrast
- Film structure and forms
  - Sheet film
  - Roll film
  - Perforated film
  - Disk film
Picture-taking technique
- Sharpness control
  - Depth of field
  - Subject and camera movement
- Exposure technique
  - Automatic meter control
  - Flash exposures
  - Exposure latitude
- Lighting technique
Black-and-white processing and printing
- Negative development
  - Developers and their characteristics
  - Fixing
  - Washing and drying
  - High-speed processing
- Printing
  - Enlargers
  - Printing papers
  - Printing exposures
  - Print processing
  - Stabilization processing
  - Dry processing
Colour photography
- Colour reproduction
- Colour films
  - Reversal (slide) films
  - Negative (print) films
  - Colour-film structure
  - Additive colour films
  - Colour balance
- Colour-film processing
  - Reversal colour-film processing
  - Negative colour processing
- Colour printing
  - Positive prints from colour negatives
  - Reversal colour printing
  - Dye-destruction processes
  - Diffusion-transfer colour prints
  - Assembly colour prints
- Transparency projection
Instant-picture photography
- History and evolution
- Black-and-white diffusion transfer
- The Polacolor process
  - Single-sheet process
  - Autoprocess materials
- Applications
Special photosensitive systems
- Electrophotography
- Colloid and photopolymer processes
- Diazonium processes
- Photochromic systems
- Electronic photography
Special techniques and applied photography
- High-speed and stroboscopic photography
  - High-speed shutters
  - High-speed light sources
  - Synchronization
  - Stroboscopic photography
- Aerial photography
- Satellite and space photography
- Underwater photography
- Close-range and large-scale photography
  - Close-up and macrophotography
  - Photomicrography
- Stereoscopic and three-dimensional photography
- Infrared photography
- Ultraviolet photography
- Radiography and other radiation recording techniques
  - X-ray radiography
  - Gamma radiography
  - Autoradiography
- Nuclear-track recording
- Astronomical photography
- Microfilming and microreproduction
The photography industry

References & Edit History Related Topics

Images & Videos

sequence of negative–positive process

Frank Sadorus: Photographing life on the Illinois plains

single-lens reflex principle

twin-lens reflex camera

using lenses of different focal lengths

characteristic curves of low-contrast and high-contrast film

primary colours of light

primary colours of pigments

colour reproduction sequence with subtractive reversal film

Read Next

Vandalized Art list. Combo of EB owned illustration (top) and parent Asset 182294. 4 of 11 The Rokeby Venus by Diego Velazquez was hit with a meat cleaver by Mary Richardson

Art Abuse: 11 Vandalized Works of Art

Painting palette with oil paints and brushes. Rainbow colored paints, arts and entertainment

Art History: The Origins of 7 of Your Favorite Art Supplies

Members of the public view artwork by Damien Hirst entitled: The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living - in the Tate Modern art gallery on April 2, 2012 in London, England. (see notes) (1991) Tiger shark, glass, steel

Vile or Visionary?: 11 Art Controversies of the Last Four Centuries

Sculpture of woman before restoration (left) and after restoration on the exterior of an office building in Palencia, Spain. (art restoration)

5 Art Restorations Gone Wrong

Colorful abstract painting. Contemporary painting. Not a Jackson Pollock. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, history and society

7 Tongue-Twisting Painting Techniques

Discover

solar eclipse, sun, moon, astronomy, space

How Do You Tell the Difference Between Total, Annular, Solar, and Lunar Eclipses?

Coffee beans after roasting.

How Is Coffee Decaffeinated?

Still from the film Deliverance, 1919. The story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan. View shows Keller in the cockpit/front seat of an airplane.

How Did Helen Keller Fly a Plane?

VAN, TURKEY - OCTOBER 25: A building and car ruined during the earthquake of Van-Ercis on October 25, 2011 in Van, Turkey. It is 604 killed and 4152 injured in Van-Ercis Earthquake.

What Is an Aftershock?

Adolf Hitler (Nazi, nazism, German leader).

9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler

In this aerial photo, structures are damaged and destroyed October 15, 2005 in Balakot, Pakistan. It is estimated that 90% of the city of Balakot was leveled by the earthquake. The death toll in the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that struck northern Pakistan on October 8, 2005 is believed to be 38,000 with at least 1,300 more dead in Indian Kashmir. SEE CONTENT NOTES.

6 of the World’s Deadliest Natural Disasters

Black widow spider

9 of the World’s Deadliest Spiders

Perforated 35-millimetre (mm) film (originally standard motion-picture film) in cartridges holding 12 to 36 exposures with a nominal picture format of 24 × 36 mm is employed in miniature cameras. Smaller image formats down to 18 × 24 mm (half frame) may be used. The 35-mm camera has a lens with a range of apertures and a shutter with exposure times typically from one second to 1/1,000 second or shorter, and it can focus on subject distances from infinity down to five feet or less. A winding lever or built-in motor advances the film from one frame to the ...(100 of 19384 words)

Access the full article

Help support true facts by becoming a member.