Drug use - Psychotropic, Abuse, Addiction

drug use

Table of Contents

Introduction
Characteristics of drug use and abuse
- The functions of psychotropic drugs
- The nature of drug addiction and dependence
  - Popular misconceptions
  - Physiological effects of addiction
  - Addiction, habituation, and dependence
  - Psychological dependence
  - Other affects on mental health
- History of drug control
  - International controls
  - National controls
  - Extent of contemporary drug abuse
Social and ethical issues of drug abuse
- Conflicting values in drug use
- Youth and drugs
Psychotropic drugs
- Opium, morphine, heroin, and related synthetics
  - History of opiates
  - Physiological effects of opiates
  - Opiate addiction
  - Means of administration
  - Therapy for opiate addiction
- Hallucinogenic drugs
  - Types of hallucinogens
  - History of hallucinogens
  - Physiological and psychological effects of hallucinogens
  - Hallucinogen abuse
- Barbiturates, stimulants, and tranquilizers
  - Barbiturates
  - Cocaine
  - Amphetamines
  - Tranquilizers
- Cannabis
  - Types of cannabis preparations
  - History of cannabis use and regulation
  - Physiological and psychological effects of cannabis

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The opiates are unrivalled in their ability to relieve pain. Opium is the dried milky exudate obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum), which grows naturally throughout most of Turkey. Of the 20 or more alkaloids found in opium, only a few are pharmacologically active. The important constituents of opium are morphine (10 percent), papaverine (1 percent), codeine (0.5 percent), and thebaine (0.2 percent). (Papaverine is pharmacologically distinct from the narcotic agents and is essentially devoid of effects on the central nervous system.) About 1804 a young German apothecary’s assistant named F.W.A. Sertürner isolated ...(100 of 15403 words)

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