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Although Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, wrote in German, he used the German word Instinkt infrequently. He instead relied upon the term Trieb. While Instinkt generally refers to an automatic, unlearned, stereotyped response to a specific stimulus and hence is close to the English reflex, Trieb connotes urge, impulse, impetus, and desire—what in motivational psychology is called drive. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, this is the oldest description recorded for instinct, making it cognate with instigate. Freud, early in his studies, took the biological view that there are two basic instinctive forces governing life: self-preservation and reproduction. This ...(100 of 5516 words)