Machine tool - Cutting, Shaping, Grinding

machine tool

Table of Contents

Introduction
History
Machine-tool characteristics
Cutting tools
- Tool materials
  - Carbon steel
  - High-speed steel
  - Cast alloys
  - Cemented tungsten carbide
  - Oxides
  - Diamonds
- Cutting fluids
Basic machine tools
- Turning machines
- Shapers and planers
- Drilling machines
- Milling machines
- Grinding machines
- Power saws
- Presses
Modifications of basic machines
- Turret lathes
- Multiple-station machines
- Gang drills
- Production millers
Special-purpose machines
- Gear-cutting machines
- Broaching machines
- Lapping and honing machines
- Boring machines
Automatic control
- Tracer techniques
- Numerical control (NC)
Computer-aided machining
- Computer numerical control (CNC)
  - Adaptive control
  - Machining centres
  - Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
- Robots
- Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
- Computer-integrated manufacturing
Nonconventional methods of machining
- Electrical methods of machining
  - Electron-beam machining (EBM)
  - Electrical-discharge machining (EDM)
  - Electrochemical machining (ECM)
  - Ion beam machining (IBM)
  - Laser machining (LM)
  - Plasma arc machining (PAM)
- Other methods of machining
  - Ultrasonic machining (USM)
  - Chemical machining (CHM)
  - Photochemical machining (PCM)
  - Water-jet machining

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Hundreds of varieties of metal machine tools, ranging in size from small machines mounted on workbenches to huge production machines weighing several hundred tons, are used in modern industry. They retain the basic characteristics of their 19th- and early 20th-century ancestors and are still classed as one of the following: (1) turning machines (lathes and boring mills), (2) shapers and planers, (3) drilling machines, (4) milling machines, (5) grinding machines, (6) power saws, and (7) presses. The engine lathe, as the horizontal metal-turning machine is commonly called, is the most important of all the machine tools. It is usually considered ...(100 of 6816 words)

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