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Judaism
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Jerusalem: Western Wall, Temple Mount Sacrifice of Isaac Abraham Casting Out Hagar and Ishmael Titian: Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden Moses and the Israelites Rembrandt: Moses with the Tablets of the Law Nicolas Poussin: Adoration of the Golden Calf Palestine during the time of David and Solomon Donatello: David Elijah
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One element of Westernization that the Haskala championed was the reform of religion. This movement began in western Europe during the Napoleonic period (1800–15), when certain aspects of Jewish belief and observance were seen as incompatible with the new position of the Jew in Western society. Napoleon convoked a Sanhedrin in 1807 to create a modern definition of Judaism that renounced Jewish nationhood and national aspirations, asserted that rabbinic authority was purely spiritual, and recognized the priority of civil over religious authority even in matters of intermarriage. In countries other than France, the rationale for reform, at least in its ...(100 of 82633 words)

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