Pottery - Porcelain, Glazing, Firing

pottery

Table of Contents

Introduction
Kinds, processes, and techniques
- Kinds of pottery
  - Earthenware
  - Stoneware
  - Porcelain
- Forming processes and techniques
  - Shaping the clay
  - Drying, turning, and firing
- Decorating processes and techniques
  - Impressing and stamping
  - Incising, sgraffito, carving, and piercing
  - Slip decorating
  - Burnishing and polishing
  - Decorative glazing
  - Painting
  - Transfer printing
- Marking
Western pottery
- Ancient Near East and Egypt
- Ancient Aegean and Greece
  - Bronze Age
    - Early Bronze Age (c. 3000–2000 bce)
    - Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000–1500 bce)
    - Late Bronze Age (c. 1580–1100 bce)
  - Early Iron Age
    - Geometric style
    - Period of Oriental influence (c. 725–c. 600 bce)
  - Attic black-figure and red-figure
    - Archaic period (c. 750–c. 480 bce)
    - Classical period (c. 480–c. 330 bce)
    - Hellenistic period (c. 330–c. 30 bce)
- Etruscan and Roman
  - Etruria
  - Roman Empire
- Islamic
  - Early Islamic
    - Umayyad
    - ʾAbbāsid
    - Sāmānid
  - Egyptian
  - Mesopotamia and Persia
    - 11th to 15th century
    - Later Persian
  - Syrian
  - Turkish
- European: to the end of the 18th century
  - Byzantium
  - Spain
    - Lustreware
    - Other tin-glazed ware
    - Porcelain
  - Italy
    - Majolica
    - Sgraffito wares
    - Porcelain
  - France and Belgium
    - Lead-glazed wares of the 16th century
    - Faience, or tin-glazed ware
    - Porcelain
  - Germany and Austria
    - Stoneware
    - Tin-glazed ware
    - Porcelain
  - The Netherlands
  - Britain
    - Tin-glazed ware
    - 17th-century slipware
    - Stoneware
    - 18th-century developments
    - Porcelain
  - Scandinavia
  - Switzerland and Russia
  - Colonial America
- 19th century
  - Britain
    - Porcelain
    - Stoneware and earthenware
  - The European continent
  - The United States
- 20th century
  - Pottery factories
  - The artist-potter
East Asian and Southeast Asian pottery
- China
  - Tang dynasty (618–907 ce)
  - Song dynasty (960–1279 ce)
  - Yuan dynasty (1206–1368)
  - Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
    - Reign of the Xuande emperor (1425–35)
    - Reign of the Chenghua emperor (1464–87)
    - Reigns of the Hongzhi and Zhengde emperors (1487–1521)
    - Reign of the Jiajing emperor (1521–1566/67)
    - Reigns of the Longqing and Wanli emperors (1567–1620)
    - Provincial and export wares
  - Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12)
    - Underglaze blue and red
    - Coloured glazes
    - Overglaze colours
    - European influence and the export trade
    - 19th and 20th centuries
- Korea
- Japan
  - Kamakura and Muromachi periods (1192–1573)
  - Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573–1600)
  - Edo period (1603–1867)
  - 19th and 20th centuries
- Thailand and Annam
American Indian pottery
- North America
- Central America
- South America

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Porcelain was first made in China during the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce). The kind most familiar in the West was not manufactured until the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368 ce). It was made from kaolin (white china clay) and petuntse (a feldspathic rock also called china stone), the latter being ground to powder and mixed with the clay. During the firing, which took place at a temperature of about 2,650 °F (1,450 °C), the petuntse vitrified, while the refractory clay ensured that the vessel retained its shape. In medieval times isolated specimens of Chinese porcelain found their way to Europe, where they ...(100 of 42409 words)

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