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Generally speaking, philosophers in the informalist tradition viewed philosophy as an autonomous activity that should acknowledge the importance of logic and science but not treat either or both as models for dealing with conceptual problems. The 20th century witnessed the development of three such approaches, each of which had sustained influence: common-sense philosophy, ordinary-language philosophy, and speech-act theory. Originating as a reaction against the forms of idealism and skepticism that were prevalent in England at about the turn of the 20th century, the first major work of common-sense philosophy was Moore’s paper “A Defense of Common Sense” (1925). Against skepticism, ...(100 of 35939 words)