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Research techniques vary depending on the social phenomena studied. Data-collection techniques differ from participant observation, content analysis, interviewing, and documentary analysis. In this approach each problem studied requires a specific unit of observation, be it an individual, an organization, a city, a relationship between units, or a statistical rate. Even the way a concept is defined can affect data collection. For instance, when measuring occupational mobility, the definition of occupation is critical. Steps must be taken to collect valid data. Many obstacles can arise, especially on sensitive subjects such as alcohol consumption in a community that prohibits or looks down ...(100 of 9210 words)