history of medicine

Table of Contents

Introduction
Medicine and surgery before 1800
- Early medicine and folklore
- The ancient Middle East and Egypt
- Traditional medicine and surgery in Asia
  - India
  - China
  - Japan
- The roots of Western medicine
  - Early Greece
  - Hippocrates
  - Hellenistic and Roman medicine
- Christian and Muslim reservoirs of learning
  - Translators and saints
  - Arabian medicine
- Medieval and Renaissance Europe
  - Salerno and the medical schools
  - The spread of new learning
- The Enlightenment
  - Harvey and the experimental method
  - The futile search for an easy system
  - Medicine in the 18th century
The rise of scientific medicine in the 19th century
- Physiology
- Verification of the germ theory
- Discoveries in clinical medicine and anesthesia
- Advances at the end of the century
Medicine in the 20th century
- Infectious diseases and chemotherapy
  - Ehrlich and arsphenamine
  - Sulfonamide drugs
  - Antibiotics
    - Penicillin
    - Antituberculous drugs
    - Other antibiotics
- Immunology
  - Antibacterial vaccination
    - Typhoid
    - Tetanus
    - Diphtheria
    - BCG vaccine for tuberculosis
  - Immunization against viral diseases
  - The immune response
- Endocrinology
  - Insulin
  - Cortisone
  - Sex hormones
- Vitamins
- Malignant disease
- Tropical medicine
Surgery in the 20th century
- The opening phase
  - The situation encountered
  - Changes before World War I
    - Abdominal surgery
    - Neurosurgery
    - Radiology
- World War I
- Between the World Wars
  - The problem of shock
  - Anesthesia and thoracic surgery
- World War II and after
  - Support from other technologies
  - Heart surgery
  - Organ transplantation

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